Ratification Info
State by State

Call Your Representatives!

Has your state ratified the ERA? If they have, congratulations!

Has your state NOT ratified the ERA? Please contact your state legislators and urge them to support the Equal Rights Amendment, and bring it to the floor for a vote.

What else can I do? You can contact your representatives in the U. S. Congress to urge them to sign on as co-sponsors of vital legislation to remove the time limit placed upon the ERA by Congress in 1972.

• The bill in the U. S. House of Representatives is: H. J. RES 17

• The bill in the U.S. Senate is S. J. Res 1

Alabama
Not ratified

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Alabama Congressional Delegation

Alabama State Legislature

Alaska
Ratified!
April 5, 1972

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Alaska Congressional Delegation

Arkansas
Not ratified

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Arkansas Congressional Delegation

Arkansas State Legislature

Arizona
Not ratified

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Arizona Congressional Delegation

Arizona State Legislature

California
Ratified!
Nov. 13, 1972

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California Congressional Delegation

Colorado
Ratified!
April 21, 1972

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Colorado Congressional Delegation

Connecticut
Ratified!
March 15, 1973

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Connecticut Congressional Delegation

Delaware
Ratified!
March 23, 1972

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Delaware Congressional Delegation

Florida
Not ratified

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Florida Congressional Delegation

Florida State Legislature

Georgia
Not ratified

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Georgia Congressional Delegation

Georgia State Legislature

Hawaii
Ratified!
March 22, 1972

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Hawaii Congressional Delegation

Idaho*
Ratified!
March 24, 1972

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Idaho Congressional Delegation

Illinois
Ratified!
May 30, 2018

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Illinois Congressional Delegation

Indiana
Ratified!
Jan. 24, 1977

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Indiana Congressional Delegation

Iowa
Ratified!
March 24, 1972

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Iowa Congressional Delegation

Kansas
Ratified!
March 28, 1972

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Kansas Congressional Delegation

Kentucky*
Ratified!
June 27, 1972

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Kentucky Congressional Delegation

Louisiana
Not ratified

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Louisiana Congressional Delegation

Louisiana State Legislature

Maine
Ratified!
Jan. 18, 1974

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Maine Congressional Delegation

Maryland
Ratified!
May 26, 1972

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Maryland Congressional Delegation

Massachusetts
Ratified!
June 21, 1972

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Massachusetts Congressional Delegation

Michigan
Ratified!
May 22, 1972

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Michigan Congressional Delegation

Minnesota
Ratified!
Feb. 8, 1973

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Minnesota Congressional Delegation

Mississippi
Not ratified

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Mississippi Congressional Delegation

Mississippi State Legislature

Missouri
Not ratified

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Missouri Congressional Delegation

Missouri State Legislature

A brief history of ratification in the states

The Equal Rights Amendment was passed by Congress on March 22, 1972 and sent to the states for ratification. In order to be added to the Constitution, it needed approval by legislatures in three-fourths (38) of the 50 states.

By 1977, the legislatures of 35 states had approved the amendment. In 1978, Congress voted to extend the original March 1979 deadline to June 30, 1982. However, no additional states voted yes before that date, and the ERA fell three states short of ratification.

The 15 states that did not ratify the Equal Rights Amendment before the 1982 deadline were Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah, and Virginia.

Since formulation of the "three-state strategy" for ratification in 1994, ERA bills have been introduced in subsequent years in one or more legislative sessions in ten of the unratified states (Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Utah, and Virginia).

Between 1995 and 2016, ERA ratification bills were released from committee in some states and were passed by one but not both houses of the legislature in two of them. In Illinois, the House but not the Senate passed an ERA ratification bill in 2003, while the Senate but not the House did so in 2014. In five of the six years between 2011 and 2016, the Virginia Senate passed a resolution ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment, but the House of Delegates never released a companion bill from committee for a full vote on the House floor.

On March 22, 2017, 45 years to the day after Congress passed the ERA, Nevada became the 36th state to ratify it. On May 30, 2018, Illinois became the 37th state. And, in a historic vote to become the 38th state to ratify, the state of Virginia voted to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment on January 15, 2020.

ERA bills have also been introduced in the legislatures of Arizona, Florida, North Carolina, Utah, and Virginia.

Learn more about the history of the Equal Rights Amendment here.

*Five states have voted to rescind or otherwise withdraw their ratification of the ERA.

• Nebraska: March 15, 1973

• Tennessee: April 23, 1974

• Idaho: February 8, 1977

• Kentucky: March 20, 1978

• South Dakota: March 5, 1979

Can a state legally rescind their ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment?

Article V of the Constitution speaks only to the states’ power to ratify an amendment but not to the power to rescind a ratification. All precedents concerning state rescissions of ratifications indicate that such actions are not valid and that the constitutional amendment process as described in Article V allows only for ratification. For example, the official tally of ratifying states for the 14th Amendment in 1868 by both the Secretary of State and Congress included New Jersey and Ohio, states which had passed resolutions to rescind their ratifications. Also included in the tally were North Carolina and South Carolina, states which had originally rejected and later ratified the amendment. In the course of promulgating the 14th Amendment, therefore, Congress determined that both attempted withdrawals of ratifications and previous rejections prior to ratification had no legal validity.

Therefore, it is most likely that the actions of the five states — Idaho, Kentucky, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Tennessee — that voted to rescind their ratification of the ERA between 1972 and 1982 are a legal nullity.